(JNS) Nearly 80 years after the end of the Holocaust, the world’s oldest hatred continues to rise at alarming rates, despite an increased attempt to stem the tide of hate and the passage of the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance’s (IHRA) working definition of antisemitism by more than 800 entities, including governments worldwide.
That is the consensus of a new global study on antisemitism from the Center for the Study of Contemporary European Jewry at Tel Aviv University, released on April 27, 2022, in time for Yom Hashoah. It found that many major Jewish population centers — the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, France and Germany — saw significant increases in hate crimes against Jews in 2021.
For instance, Germany recorded 3,028 “politically motivated crimes with an antisemitic motive,” according to the report, which cites official statistics from Germany’s criminal police service. That represents a 29% increase from 2020 and a nearly 50% increase from 2019.
In France, the numbers were mixed. The French Ministry of the Interior recorded nearly 600 antisemitic incidents in 2021. That was up 74% from 2020, but a decrease of 14% from 2019. However, the number of violent incidents in 2021 rose more than 30% in comparison to both 2020 and 2019.
The United Kingdom reported 2,255 incidents of Jew-hatred in 2021, up 24% from 2019 and 34% in 2020. Australia recorded 447 incidents in 2021, as compared to 331 in 2020 and 368 in 2019.
“[Last year] witnessed a dramatic rise in antisemitic incidents not just in comparison to 2020 but in comparison to 2019; that is before COVID restrictions were imposed,” said Professor Uriya Shavit, head of the Center for the Study of Contemporary European Jewry. “The main reasons? The rise of the radical right, the radical left and conspiracy theories that thrive on social media.”
‘COVID-19 started a vicious cycle’
Also leading to a significant hike in cases was Israel’s 11-day conflict with Hamas in the Gaza Strip last May.
“The conflict exposed an unacceptable reality—when Israel defends itself from rocket attacks against civilian targets, Jews across the world become the target of incitement and hate crimes. Social media played an exceptionally alarming role in the process,” Dina Porat, a professor and founder of the center, wrote in the report. “According to the Israeli Diaspora Ministry, 431,000 antisemitic posts were published globally during the ‘Guardian of the Walls’ and the month preceding it.”
Also playing a role, said Porat, is that Jews are now finding themselves excluded from human-rights groups and not considered a minority.
“These activists believe that Jews do not a priori belong to their agenda, and thus the fight against antisemitism is not part of their larger struggle against racism,” said the report. “Racism, they argue, concerns African-Americans and African-Europeans, Roma, LBGTQs, indigenous minorities, asylum-seekers and foreign workers, but not Jews.”
Lastly, said Porat, “COVID-19 started a vicious cycle, which continued well into 2021.”
“The lockdowns kept potential perpetrators — and potential victims — at home, making physical attacks harder to carry out,” Porat said. “At the same time, the enforced closures glued more people to their screens, thereby strengthening the power, impact and daily use of social media. The gradual easing of the lockdowns brought physical violence back to the streets — Germany and the United States are two prominent examples.”
Yet the use of social media did not diminish, she wrote. “On the contrary, it had become the leading guide and definer of identity for some, particularly the young. The expression ‘Judeovirus,’ which antisemites spread online, encapsulated the deep-seated superstitions against Jews.”
Still, the crucial issue is how antisemitism can be stopped.
“Something just isn’t working,” Shavit said. “In recent years, the fight against antisemitism has enjoyed extensive resources worldwide, and yet, despite many important programs and initiatives, the number of antisemitic incidents, including violent assaults, is rapidly escalating.
“The easy thing is to say that more laws and more funding are required,” he continued. “But what we really need is a courageous and unsparing examination of the efficacy of existing strategies.”
